Analysis Of Karl Marx And Communism Essays - Political Philosophy

Analysis Of Karl Marx And Communism Essays - Political Philosophy Analysis of Karl Marx and Communism Karl Heinrich Marx was born on May 5, 1818, in the city of Trier in Prussia, now, Germany. He was one of seven children of Jewish Parents. His father was fairly liberal, taking part in demonstrations for a constitution for Prussia and reading such authors as Voltaire and Kant, known for their social commentary. His mother, Henrietta, was originally from Holland and never became a German at heart, not even learning to speak the language properly. Shortly before Karl Marx was born, his father converted the family to the Evangelical Established Church, Karl being baptized at the age of six. Marx attended high school in his home town (1830-1835) where several teachers and pupils were under suspicion of harboring liberal ideals. Marx himself seemed to be a devoted Christian with a ?longing for self-sacrifice on behalf of humanity.? In October of 1835, he started attendance at the University of Bonn, enrolling in non-socialistic-related classes like Greek and Roman mythology and the history of art. During this time, he spent a day in jail for being ?drunk and disorderly-the only imprisonment he suffered? in the course of his life. The student culture at Bonn included, as a major part, being politically rebellious and Marx was involved, presiding over the Tavern Club and joining a club for poets that included some politically active students. However, he left Bonn after a year and enrolled at the University of Berlin to study law and philosophy. Marx?s experience in Berlin was crucial to his introduction to Hegel?s philosophy and to his ?adherence to the Young Hegelians.? Hegel?s philosophy was crucial to the development of his own ideas and theories. Upon his first introduction to Hegel?s beliefs, Marx felt a repugnance and wrote his father that when he felt sick, it was partially ?from intense vexation at having to make an idol of a view [he] detested.? The Hegelian doctrines exerted considerable pressure in the ?revolutionary student culture? that Marx was immersed in, however, and Marx eventually joined a society called the Doctor Club, involved mainly in the ?new literary and philosophical movement? who?s chief figure was Bruno Bauer, a lecturer in theology who thought that the Gospels were not a record of History but that they came from ?human fantasies arising from man?s emotional needs? and he also hypothesized that Jesus had not existed as a person. Bauer was later dismissed from his position by the Prussian government. By 1841, Marx?s studies were lacking and, at the suggestion of a friend, he submitted a doctoral dissertation to the university at Jena, known for having lax acceptance requirements. Unsurprisingly, he got in, and finally received his degree in 1841. His thesis ?analyzed in a Hegelian fashion the difference between the natural philosophies of Democritus and Epicurus? using his knowledge of mythology and the myth of Prometheus in his chains. In October of 1842, Marx became the editor of the paper Rheinische Zeitung, and, as the editor, wrote editorials on socio-economic issues such as poverty, etc. During this time, he found that his ?Hegelian philosophy was of little use? and he separated himself from his young Hegelian friends who only shocked the bourgeois to make up their ?social activity.? Marx helped the paper to succeed and it almost became the leading journal in Prussia. However, the Prussian government suspended it because of ?pressures from the government of Russia.? So, Marx went to Paris to study ?French Communism.? In June of 1843, he was married to Jenny Von Westphalen, an attractive girl, four years older than Marx, who came from a prestigious family of both military and administrative distinction. Although many of the members of the Von Westphalen family were opposed to the marriage, Jenny?s father favored Marx. In Paris, Marx became acquainted with the Communistic views of French workmen. Although he thought that the ideas of the workmen were ?utterly crude and unintelligent,? he admired their camaraderie. He later wrote an article entitled ?Toward the Critique of the Hegelian Philosophy of Right? from which comes the famous quote that religion is the ?opium of the people.? Once again, the Prussian government interfered with Marx and he was expelled from France. He left for Brussels, Belgium, and ,

The Mirrors of Macbeth †Literature Essay

The Mirrors of Macbeth – Literature Essay Free Online Research Papers The Mirrors of Macbeth Literature Essay Different types of literature obviously focus on elements such as plot, setting, and character development. In dramatic literature the focus is on a character’s words and the dialogue the author employs to develop that character. In Elizabethan times this was particularly important as such stage devices as props, costumes, and sets were minimally used. In the play, Macbeth, Shakespeare creates a protagonist whose words not only mirror himself but also reflect the two characters who influence him the most. In first thinking about killing Duncan, Macbeth’s attitude is quite clearly shown in a soliloquy. The audience is quite aware of the guilt that Macbeth is feeling simply thinking about the murder: â€Å"If it were done when tis done, then t’were well if it were done quickly.† (p.57) In these lines Shakespeare, by no accident, does not have Macbeth actually use words such as â€Å"kill†, â€Å"murder†, or â€Å"slaughter. â€Å" Instead, Macbeth refers to death in this speech as â€Å"it†, and , later on, as â€Å"the deed.† (p. 79) Further in the soliloquy two other, softer words, â€Å"surcease,† and, â€Å"assassination,† are used to show the audience that Macbeth cannot deal with even the thought of killing Duncan let alone the action. It is ironic that Macbeth never realises himself that if he cannot say the word, he is likely not ready to carry out the action the word describes! Macbeth’s words are not only a reflection of his guilt, but also his words reflect that of his wife. It is no secret to the audience that Lady Macbeth has power over her husband. So much so, that her words are echoed by Macbeth later on in the play. In Act 3 as Macbeth is trying to convince the murderers of killing Banquo and Fleance, the protagonist questions the murderers manhood: [First Murderer]: We are men, my liege. [Macbeth]: Ay, in the catalogue ye go for men; As hounds, and greyhounds, mongrels, spaniels, curs, Shoughs, water-rugs, an demi-wolves. (p. 117) In these lines Macbeth compares the men to dogs hardly a flattering remark. These lines mimic the strategy that Lady Macbeth used in Act 1 to convince Macbeth to go through with the murder of Duncan: â€Å"Art thou afeard to be the same in thine own act and valour as thou art in desire? Woulds’t thou live a coward?† (p. 59) It is quite clear that Lady Macbeth’s strategy of questioning Macbeth’s masculinity is curiously similar to Macbeth strategy when he tries to convince the murderers. Lady Macbeth’s influence on her husband is paralleled by the three witches. The words of the three â€Å"weird sisters† are reflected in Macbeth’s words; in fact, the influence the witches have on Macbeth is so powerful, the audience is exposed to it even before the two meet: â€Å"So foul and fair a day I have not seen.† (p. 23). In these lines Macbeth almost word for word repeats the witches’ lines in the first scene of the play: â€Å"Fair is foul and foul is fair† (p.9). Once again, the words which Shakespeare puts into the mouth of Macbeth are not the protagonist’s, but rather the words are often echoed from those characters who influence him most. Having a character reflect his personality in the words he utters is not a amazing feat by Shakespeare. Revealing the influence of Lady Macbeth and the witches on Macbeth through his dialogue is, though, quite sophisticated. Questioning his recent promotion to Cawdor, Macbeth says,†Can the devil speak true?† (p.27 ). The audience watching Macbeth should be asking themselves the question, â€Å"Can Macbeth speak true?† because throughout the play Macbeth’s lines are often first paralleled by the witches and Lady Macbeth. Had Macbeth listened to his own lines perhaps he would have never gone through with his evil â€Å"deed.† apfeiffer@sd19.bc.ca Research Papers on The Mirrors of Macbeth - Literature EssayHonest Iagos Truth through DeceptionThe Fifth HorsemanRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andWhere Wild and West MeetMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever Product19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenHip-Hop is Art

IT Project Management and group activity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

IT Project Management and group activity - Essay Example Performance-centric approach of the senior management enabled the team to identify associated bottlenecks in the operational environment. Teamwork acts as a positive influence on creativity, productive synergies, independent and collective decision making, strategic concept development and organizational culture and leadership. These positive changes were noticed in good measure during the duration of the project and the subsequent learning outcomes delineated the success parameters of each task according to the guidelines. Diverse skills of team members were utilized in their respective areas of specialty thus leading to all benefits associated with the clear division of labor. The project plan was initiated with clearly defined targets and phases of activity that were put through the whole process with well balanced steps. Team leadership was particularly impressive in establishing a close rapport with team members whose contribution was measured in relation to a set of motivation factors. Though some positive synergies were recorded through this process, there were some shortcomings as well. For instance being mobile from one place to the other during the week entailed a lot of time waste in sending multiple e-mails and a rise costs. Further team leader’s instructions weren’t received by all team members in the same manner and as result there were some discrepancies in performance. However, overall success of the project cannot be denied due to its proper

Property Law 1 Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Property Law 1 Assignment - Essay Example Mitchell had with Alfie. However, Ian as the new freeholder of the property cannot repossess the leased property, unless Mr. Mitchell violates the terms of the lease such as (a) does not pay rent (b) the original lease with Alfie specifies that the lease can be ended before the specified 25 year period (c) refuses to carry out any obligations that are executed in the lease agreement between Alfie and Mr. Mitchell*2. However, there is one important clause that must be considered in the light of the Land registration Act of 2002 which became active in 2003. Since Mr. Mitchell has acquired the property after the date of the new Registration Act, Alfie should have registered the lease title in favor of Mr. Mitchell*3. In fact, since the duration of the lease period is for 25 years, registration would have been mandatory even before the new Act. Hence, the first factor to be explored is whether or not Alfie and/or Mr. Mitchell have registered Mr. Mitchell’s term of lease absolute. In the event this has not been done, Ian will be under no obligation to allow Mr. Mitchell to remain except on renegotiation of new terms. But since Mr. Mitchell has paid some consideration in order to acquire a lease on the property, he will be entitled and within his rights to retain his possession of it and his lease allows him the right to peaceful possession and enjoyment of the outbuilding on which he holds a lease. Although he possesses the outbuilding, this is not a separate property but will be a part of the Albert Court property depending upon the legal description of the property and its boundaries as they have been spelt out in the title deed. Miss Watt’s term of tenancy is however a short term. The terms of the Land registration requirements under the new Act of 2002 will apply in her case*4. The new Law requires that all new tenancies of any length that start more than three months after the date

The impact of graphic design on new media(Graphic Design) Dissertation

The impact of graphic design on new media(Graphic Design) - Dissertation Example The Internet, of course, has played a large part in this. Graphic design is intimately connected with new media – Engholm (2002) states that new media would not have risen to prominence as quickly as it did without graphic design. Therefore, the two concepts are interconnected. Because they are, it is important to discovery how one influences the other. In particular, this study seeks to find out how graphic design influences the consumers of new media. Especially important is the effect upon young people, because they are intimately connected. Young people have virtually always had new media in their lives, and, indeed, they tend to use new media to a profound level. New media is ubiquitous in their lives. To this end, the study focuses upon individuals who are purveyors of new media, yet, by and large, are not experts on graphic arts. They simply â€Å"like what they like.† Graphic arts might be a turnoff if not done correctly. Alternatively, it might be a draw for ot hers, if it is done right. What the study has found is that, with regards to websites, graphic arts are important, but content is more important. With advertisements, it seems to be the opposite of this. Aims and Objective The aim of this project is to show how graphic design and the new media interact. Another aim is to show how young people are influenced by graphic design in their websites and online advertisements. The objective is to tie new media, graphic design and their effects on young people to show graphic designers, advertisers and other purveyors of new media how they can reach the young audience with graphics. New media uses graphic design in a variety of ways. Advertisements, online video games and websites are all ways that graphic design and new media intersect. This study will focus on different ways that graphic design and the Internet intersect, and how graphic design is used on the Internet. This study will examine different online advertisements, web sites and online video game sites to determine how graphic design is used. This study will also examine how young people react to the graphics, and what can be done to make the graphics better.  Abstract The first chapter will give an overview of graphic arts and new media. The second chapter will go more into depth in these concepts. The third chapter will feature the results of the interviews and surveys done on the participants to this study. The fourth chapter will synthesize the findings and provide a road map for what should come next in the area of graphic design, as it relates to new media. The fifth chapter will conclude the paper.  Chapter 1 In this chapter, a road map for the dissertation will be offered. The first part of this chapter will concentrate on the overview of the graphic design and new media, providing a brief history and definition of the two concepts. The second part will give a brief overview of the literature survey. The third part will explain the research de sign, including the limitations of the particular design, as well as a brief overview

Review of Case Study Methodology

Review of Case Study Methodology In the social sciences, a detailed analysis (or case study report) is a distinct, exploratory or illustrative dissection of an individual, assembly or occasion. An informative research endeavor is utilized to investigate causation so as to discover underlying standards. Careful investigations may be probable (in which criteria are created and cases appropriate the principles are incorporated as one get accessible) or review (in which criteria are made for selecting cases from chronicled records for consideration in the study).the research endeavor methodology displayed is an observational analysis that explores a contemporary issue inside its genuine connection. Comprehending the issue and its answer obliges incorporating a heap of commonly subordinate variables or bits of proof that are liable to be assembled in any event incompletely by particular perception. In spite of the fact that a normal meaning of careful investigations exists, one may experience different sorts of detailed analyses. Keeping in mind the end goal to make clear to which sort of careful investigation the presented strategies for learning reconciliation ought to be connected, we will quickly portray distinctive sorts of research endeavors. A definite survey of research endeavors is given by Yin (1989). A critical refinement must be made between all-encompassing and implanted detailed analyses (Yin, 1994:291). A comprehensive careful investigation is formed by a completely qualitative approach that depends on account, phenomenological depictions. Subjects and speculations may be imperative however ought to remain subordinate. This paper focuses on the instrumental case research methodinvolving ADHD and management of the obesity. The instrumental case research method looks at a particular situation with the aim of understanding the situation. As a research method, instrumental research focuses on providing insight into issues or help to redefine a theory. According to Yin(1994: 285), it offers secondary interest that plays a supportive role The case is of auxiliary investment; it assumes a steady part, encouraging our comprehension of something else. The case is frequently taken a gander at in profundity; its connections examined, its normal exercises definite, what’s more on the grounds that it helps the analyst seek after the outer investment(Bennett and Elman, 2006: 250). The case might be seen as commonplace of different cases. The capacity to take a gander at sub-units that are arranged inside a bigger case is effective when you consider that information might be investigated inside the subunits independently (inside case dissection), between the distinctive subunits (between case investigation), alternately over the sum of the subunits (cross-case investigation) (Chetty, 1996:73). The capacity to participate in such rich investigation just serves to better enlighten the case. The entanglement that learner analysts fall into is that one break down at the singular subunit level and neglect to come back to the worldwide issue that one at first set out to address (Yin, 2003). As a review of the instrumental case study method, the paper focuses on the Attention Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder and the Clinical Management of obesity (Pagoto Curtin et al 2012: 83) The study adopted the following abstract: ‘Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) has been associated with increased risk for obesity and obesity treatment failure. The present paper discusses how features of ADHD, including inattention, reward sensitivity and impulsivity, may impact obesity risk and have implications for the management of obesity. In addition, we review emerging research on how obesity may contribute to brain changes that are associated with ADHD-like symptoms. Finally, suggestions for improving the clinical management of obesity in patients with ADHD are discussed, including pharmacological treatment, exercise and cognitive behavior therapy. ADHD is a barrier to the clinical management of obesity and more research is needed to further understand the link between ADHD and obesity. Effective treatment approaches are needed given the significant difficulty patients with ADHD encounter in their attempts to regulate their weight in the contestof obesogenic environments.’(Pagoto Curtin et a l 2012: 83) The research offers a summary of the effects of ADHD on the management of obesity. The research seeks to identify the management of the weight and food habits of the patients. The barrier of the management of the obesity is a fertile ground for further studies. The research question of the study is: Do Attention Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder raise the risks on the management of obesity thus increasing the risk of obesity? The research methods embraced in the study incorporate the utilization of medicinal records which incorporate a dissection. The agenda of mediation typologies which distinguishes the later rules with respect to administration of corpulence in ADHD children. A rundown of essential intercession is recognized in the careful investigation zone that accommodated the concurred foundation. The information on the distinguished intercession is gathered through work area based research and meetings of the stakeholders in the industry. The intercession dada from both meetings and work area based data and a snowballing procedure are utilized to populate the mediation system that backings the dissection and guaranteed the consistency of data gathered in the careful investigation. The findings of the study incorporate the danger variable of ADHD for both heftiness and stoutness medication disappointment. The study found that obliviousness, reward affectability and impulsivity are characteristics of ADHD that help of indulging consuming pathology, poor adherence to structures endeavors to get more fit and expanded powerlessness to obesogenic situations. Clinical intercessions are offered where the clinician is relied upon to note that the experience above normal trouble in association, observing toward oneself, arranging, and individuals with ADHD is higher. This makes the individuals endure poor observing in the safety of sustenance allurements and consistency. The normal, or common, case (above) is regularly not the wealthiest in data. In illuminating lines of account and connection it is more functional to select issues that offer an intriguing, uncommon or especially uncovering set of circumstances(Johansson, 2003). A case determination that is dependent upon representativeness will sometimes have the ability to transform these sorts of experiences. The point when selecting a subject for a research endeavor, specialists will subsequently utilize data arranged testing, instead of arbitrary examining. Outlier cases,which are amazing, degenerate or atypical, uncover more data than the conceivably illustrative case(Gruber and Wallace, 1999:115). Then again, a case may be chosen as a key case, picked due to the characteristic investment of the case or the circumstances encompassing it. Then again it may be picked as a result of scientists in-profundity nearby information; where analysts have this neighborhood learning one are in a position to douse and jab†, and along these lines to offer contemplated lines of demonstration dependent upon this rich information of setting and circumstances (Stake, 1978:8). Whatever the casing of reference for the decision of the subject of the careful investigation (key, outlier, nearby learning), there is a qualification to be made between the subjestorical solidarity through which the hypothetical center of the study is continuously seen. The item is that hypothetical center – the logical casing (Stake, 1978:8). Past choices about case choice and the subject and object of the study, choices requirement areto be made about reason, approach and process in the detailed analysis(Young, 1939). It is therefore proposes a typology for the careful investigation wherein reasons for existing are initially recognized (evaluative or exploratory), then methodologies are outlined (hypothesis testing, hypothesis building or illustrative), then methods are settled on, with a vital decision being between if the study is to be single or numerous, and decisions additionally about if the study is to be review, depiction or diachronic, and if it is settled, parall el or consecutive. It is consequently conceivable to take numerous courses through this typology, with, for instance, an exploratory, hypothesis building, different, settled study, or an evaluative, hypothesis testing, single, review study. The typology hence offers numerous stages for research endeavor structure(Yin, 1994:290). A nearly related study in drug is the situation report, which distinguishes a particular case as treated or inspected by the creators as exhibited in a novel structure. These are, to a differentiable degree, like the careful investigation in that numerous hold audits of the important written works of the subject talked about in the intensive examination of a cluster of cases distributed to fit the rule of the report being exhibited(Yin, 1989). These case reports could be considered satchel studies with a central exchange of the new, introduced case within reach that introduces a novel investment. Bibliography Bennett, A. and Elman, C. 2006. Complex causal relations and case study methods: the example of path dependence.Political Analysis, 14 (3), pp. 250267. Chetty, S. 1996. The case study method for research in small-and medium-sized firms.International small business journal, 15 (1), pp. 7385. Gruber, H. E. and Wallace, D. B. 1999. The case study method and evolving systems approach for understanding unique creative people at work.Handbook of creativity, 93 p. 115. Johansson, R. 2003. Case study methodology. Pagoto, S., Curtin, C., Appelhans, B. M. and Alonso-Alonso, M. 2012. Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and the Clinical Management of Obesity.Current Obesity Reports, 1 (2), pp. 8086. Stake, R. E. 1978.The case study method in social inquiry.Educational researcher, pp. 58. Yin, R. K. 1992.The case study method as a tool for doing evaluation.Current Sociology, 40 (1), pp. 121137. Yin, R. K. 1994.Discovering the future of the case study method in evaluation research.Evaluation Practice, 15 (3), pp. 283290. Yin, R. K. 1989. Case Study Research: Design And Methods (Applied Social Research Methods) Author: Robert K. Yin, Publisher: Sage Publicat.Sage Publications, Inc. Young, P. V. 1939. The Case-Study Method.Prentice-Hall, Inc.

Journey To Self-Destruction in Ken Keseys One Flew Over the Cuckoos Nest :: One Flew Over Cuckoos Nest

Journey To Self-Destruction in One Flew Over The Cuckoo's Nest In One Flew Over The Cuckoo's Nest, the character of Randle P. McMurphy undergoes a gradual journey towards self-destruction. His actions go from the minuscule, such as changing minor ward policies, to the act of trying to strangle Nurse Ratched. All of his actions, minor and major, lead to his self-destruction. He continues this behavior even after he discovers he's only hurting himself with his actions. McMurphy begins by protesting minor but significant defects of the ward policies. When he first arrives, he runs around in nothing but a towel and provokes shock and anger from the Big Nurse. His actions let the nurses and patients know that he won't simply sit back and take the staff's cruel treatment to get the patients to conform quietly and without protest. He begins to gamble with the patients, first for cigarettes and eventually for IOUs, despite the nurse's rule of no gambling on the ward for money (Kesey 102). He also convinces the spineless Dr. Spivey to allow the patients to open up a separate day room for their card games. He uses the doctor to implement these changes, which aggravates the nurse because it takes away her power. The resentment between McMurphy and Nurse Ratched continues to build. McMurphy brings about all these changes before he realizes one vital fact: Nurse Ratched is the sole determiner of how long he must stay in the ward. He's watching television while everyone else is completing their chores. The nurse says to him, "You're committed, you realize. You are ... under the jurisdiction of me...the staff...Under jurisdiction and control-" (138). The nurse also says, "Keep in mind that Mr. McMurphy is committed. The length of time he spends in this hospital is entirely up to us" (150). McMurphy relaxes slightly; however, he eventually continues to harass the nurse, despite his knowledge that she dictates the length of his confinement (Waldmeir 425). He crosses the line and throws a party on the ward in the middle of the night, bringing in two prostitutes and intoxicating the patients with a mixture of cherry flavored alcohol and codeine cough syrup. He does so knowing that he will face consequences for this event. However, he feels he must continue this self-destruction in order for the other patients to find themselves and their sense of freedom ( 427).

A conflict situation

A conflict situation I had been in was with one of my closet co worker or at least I thought we were close. My co worker and I was always talking behind the store manger back when he wasn’t looking, but then a new assistant manager position came up and my store manger was looking at me to possibly fill the position. My co worker really didn’t like the fact that my store manger was looking at me so my co worker told my manger that I was making fun of him for a long time and he even that cameras to prove it. My manger didn’t give me the position he gave it to my co worker, we didn’t talk to each or not even look at each other for months. That’s what causes a convert conflict. With him and me not talking it made him realize that he was wrong about what he has done about the situation. A few months goes bye and finally my co worker said he was sorry about what he done and the only reason why he did it was because he was about to became a dad with twins babies and he needed the money bad. So at the end I forgive him and I told him that he should have just told me and we would have never gone this long without talking to one another. With the conflict that I had with my co worker I wish I use the five problem-solving stages of conflict resolution, because if I did I really believe my co worker and I would have never gone so long with speaking to one another. I would recommend everyone to use these steps to solve any conflict you might have with another person because you might not get another chance to make things right again. I really think when a person is using use the five problem-solving stages of conflict resolution, there should be nothing but a positive outcome in any situation. I also believe that if it doesn’t want out that you probably really didn’t want to give another chance to solve the conflict. The five problem-solving stages of conflict resolution gives you every chance to make up with that other person even with the last step is to learn and accept the fact that it might not work or you can just start the steps over .

Booker T. Washington, Early Black Leader and Educator

Booker T. Washington, Early Black Leader and Educator Booker T. Washington (April 5, 1856–November 14, 1915) was a prominent black educator, author, and leader of the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Born into slavery, Washington rose to a position of power and influence, founding the Tuskegee Institute in Alabama in 1881 and overseeing its growth into a well-respected black university. Washington was a controversial figure in his time and since, criticized for being too accommodating on the issues of segregation and equal rights. Fast Facts: Booker T. Washington Known For: Born a slave, Washington became a prominent black educator and leader during the late 19th and early 20th centuries, founding the Tuskegee Institute.Also Known As: Booker Taliaferro Washington; The Great AccommodatorBorn: April 5, 1856 (the only record of this birthdate was in a now-lost family Bible) in Hales Ford, VirginiaParents: Jane and unknown father, described in Washingtons autobiography as a white man who lived on one of the nearby plantations.Died: November 14, 1915 in Tuskegee, AlabamaEducation: As a child laborer, after the Civil War, Washington attended school at night and then school for one hour a day. At 16, he attended the Hampton Normal and Agricultural Institute. He attended the Wayland Seminary for six months.Published Works:  Up From Slavery, The Story of My Life and Work, The Story of the Negro: The Rise of the Race from Slavery, My Larger Education, The Man Farthest DownAwards and Honors: First black American to receive an honorary degree from Harv ard University (1896). First black American invited to dine at the White House, with President Theodore Roosevelt (1901).Spouses: Fanny Norton Smith Washington, Olivia Davidson Washington, Margaret Murray WashingtonChildren: Portia, Booker T. Jr., Ernest, adopted niece of Margaret Murray WashingtonNotable Quote: In all things that are purely social we [blacks and whites] can be separate as the fingers, yet one as the hand in all things essential to mutual progress. Early Life Booker T. Washington was born in April 1856 on a small farm in Hales Ford, Virginia. He was given the middle name Taliaferro but no last name. His mother Jane was a slave and worked as the plantation cook.  In Washingtons autobiography, he wrote that his father- whom he never knew - was a white man, possibly from a neighboring plantation. Booker had an older brother, John, also fathered by a white man. Jane and her sons occupied a tiny, one-room cabin. Their dreary home lacked proper windows and had no beds for its occupants. Bookers family rarely had enough to eat and sometimes resorted to theft to supplement their meager provisions. Around 1860, Jane married Washington Ferguson, a slave from a nearby plantation. Booker later took the first name of his stepfather as his last name. During the Civil War, the slaves on Bookers plantation, like many slaves in the South, continued to work for the owner even after the issuance of Lincolns 1863 Emancipation Proclamation. In 1865 after the war ended, Booker T. Washington and his family moved to Malden, West Virginia, where Bookers stepfather had found a job as a salt packer for the local salt works. Working in the Mines Living conditions in their new home were no better than those back at the plantation. Nine-year-old Booker worked alongside their stepfather packing salt into barrels. He despised the work but did learn to recognize numbers by taking note of those written on the sides of the salt barrels. Like many former slaves during the post-Civil War era, Booker longed to learn how to read and write. When a black school opened in a nearby community, Booker begged to go. His stepfather refused, insisting that the family needed the money he brought in from the salt packing. Booker eventually found a way to attend school at night. When he was 10, his stepfather took him out of school and sent him to work in the nearby coal mines. From  Miner to Student In 1868, 12-year-old Booker T. Washington found a job as a houseboy in the home of the wealthiest couple in Malden, General Lewis Ruffner, and his wife Viola. Mrs. Ruffner was known for her high standards and strict manner. Washington, responsible for cleaning the house and other chores, impressed Mrs. Ruffner, a former teacher, with his sense of purpose and a commitment to improving himself. She allowed him to attend school for an hour a day. Determined to continue his education, 16-year-old Washington left the Ruffner household in 1872 to attend Hampton Institute, a school for blacks in Virginia. After traveling over 300 miles- by train, stagecoach, and on foot- Washington arrived at Hampton Institute in October of that year. Miss Mackie, the principal at Hampton, was not entirely convinced that the young country boy deserved a place at her school. She asked Washington to clean and sweep a recitation room for her; he did the job so thoroughly that Miss Mackie pronounced him fit for admission. In his memoir Up From Slavery, Washington later referred to that experience as his college examination. Hampton Institute To pay his room and board, Washington worked as a janitor at Hampton Institute. Rising early in the morning to build the fires in the school rooms, Washington also stayed up late every night to complete his chores and work on his studies. Washington greatly admired the headmaster at Hampton, General Samuel C. Armstrong, and considered him his mentor and role model. Armstrong, a veteran of the Civil War, ran the institute like a military academy, conducting daily drills and inspections. Although academic studies were offered at Hampton, Armstrong placed emphasis on teaching trades. Washington embraced all that Hampton Institute offered him, but he was drawn to a teaching career rather than a trade. He worked on his oratory skills, becoming a valued member of the schools debate society. At his 1875 commencement, Washington was among those called upon to speak. A reporter from The New York Times was present at the commencement and praised the speech given by 19-year-old Washington in his column the following day. First Teaching Job Booker T. Washington returned to Malden after his graduation with his newly acquired teaching certificate. He was hired to teach at the school in Tinkersville, the same school he had himself attended before Hampton Institute. By 1876, Washington was teaching hundreds of students- children during the day and adults at night. During his early years of teaching, Washington developed a philosophy toward the advancement of blacks. He believed in achieving the betterment of his race by strengthening the character of his students and teaching them a useful trade or occupation. By doing so, Washington believed, blacks would assimilate more easily into white society, proving themselves an essential part of that society. After three years of teaching, Washington appears to have gone through a period of uncertainty in his early 20s. He abruptly and inexplicably quit his post, enrolling in a Baptist theological school in Washington, D.C. Washington quit after only six months and rarely ever mentioned this period of his life. Tuskegee Institute In February 1879, Washington was invited by General Armstrong to give the spring commencement speech at Hampton Institute that year. His speech was so impressive and so well received that Armstrong offered him a teaching position at his alma mater. Washington began teaching night classes in the fall of 1879. Within months of his arrival at Hampton, night enrollment tripled. In 1881, General Armstrong was asked by a group of educational commissioners from Tuskegee, Alabama for the name of a qualified white man to run their new school for blacks. The general instead suggested Washington for the job. At only 25 years old, former slave Booker T. Washington became the principal of what would become Tuskegee Normal and Industrial Institute. When he arrived at Tuskegee in June 1881, however, Washington found that the school had not yet been built. State funding was earmarked only for teachers salaries, not for supplies or the building of the facility. Washington quickly found a suitable plot of farmland for his school and raised enough money for a down payment. Until he could secure the deed to that land, he held classes in an old shack adjacent to a black Methodist church. The first classes began an astonishing 10 days after Washingtons arrival. Gradually, once the farm was paid for, the students enrolled at the school helped repair the buildings, clear the land, and plant vegetable gardens. Washington received books and supplies donated by his friends at Hampton. As word spread of the great strides made by Washington at Tuskegee, donations began to come in, mainly from people in the north who supported the education of freed slaves. Washington went on a fundraising tour throughout the northern states, speaking to church groups and other organizations. By May 1882, he had collected enough money to construct a large new building on the Tuskegee campus. (During the schools first 20 years, 40 new buildings would be constructed on campus, most of them by student labor.) Marriage, Fatherhood, and Loss In August 1882, Washington married Fanny Smith, a young woman who had just graduated from Hampton. A great asset to her husband, Fanny became very successful at raising money for Tuskegee Institute and arranged many dinners and benefits. In 1883, Fanny gave birth to the couples daughter Portia. Sadly, Washingtons wife died the following year of unknown causes, leaving him a widower at only 28 years old. In 1885, Washington married again. His new wife, 31-year-old Olivia Davidson, was the lady principal of Tuskegee at the time of their marriage. (Washington held the title administrator.) They had two children together- Booker T. Jr. (born in 1885) and Ernest (born in 1889). Olivia Washington developed health problems after the birth of their second child and she died of a respiratory ailment in 1889 at the age of 34. Washington had lost two wives within a period of only six years. Washington married his third wife, Margaret Murray, in 1892. She, too, was the lady principal at Tuskegee. She helped Washington run the school and care for his children and accompanied him on his many fundraising tours. In later years, she was active in several black womens organizations. Margaret and Washington were married until his death. They had no biological children together but adopted Margarets orphaned niece in 1904. The Growth of Tuskegee Institute As Tuskegee Institute continued to grow both in enrollment and in reputation, Washington nonetheless found himself in the constant struggle of trying to raise money to keep the school afloat. Gradually, however, the school gained statewide recognition and became a source of pride for Alabamans, leading the Alabama legislature to allocate more funds toward the salaries of instructors. The school also received grants from philanthropic foundations that supported education for blacks. Tuskegee Institute offered academic courses but placed the greatest emphasis on industrial education, focusing on practical skills that would be valued in the southern economy such as farming, carpentry, blacksmithing, and building construction. Young women were taught housekeeping, sewing, and mattress-making. Always on the lookout for new money-making ventures, Washington conceived the idea that Tuskegee Institute could teach brick-making to its students, and eventually make money selling its bricks to the community. Despite several failures in the early stages of the project, Washington persisted- and eventually succeeded. The Atlanta Compromise Speech By the 1890s, Washington had become a well-known and popular speaker, although his speeches were considered controversial by some. For instance, he delivered a speech at Fisk University in Nashville in 1890 in which he criticized black ministers as uneducated and morally unfit. His remarks generated a firestorm of criticism from the black community, but he refused to retract any of his statements. In 1895, Washington delivered the speech that brought him great fame. Speaking in Atlanta at the Cotton States and International Exposition, Washington addressed the issue of racial relations in the United States. The speech came to be known as The Atlanta Compromise. Washington expressed his firm belief that blacks and whites should work together to achieve economic prosperity and racial harmony. He urged southern whites to give black businessmen a chance to succeed in their endeavors. What Washington did not support, however, was any form of legislation that would promote or mandate racial integration or equal rights. In a nod to segregation, Washington proclaimed: In all things that are purely social, we can be as separate as the fingers, yet one as the hand in all things essential to mutual progress. His speech was widely praised by southern whites, but many in the black community were critical of his message and accused Washington of being too accommodating to whites, earning him the name The Great Accommodator. Tour of Europe and Autobiography Washington gained international acclaim during a tour of Europe in 1899. Washington gave speeches to various organizations and socialized with leaders and celebrities, including Queen Victoria and Mark Twain. Before leaving for the trip, Washington stirred up controversy when asked to comment upon the murder of a black man in Georgia who had been strung up and burned alive. He declined to comment on the horrific incident, adding that he believed that education would prove to be the cure for such actions. His tepid response was condemned by many black Americans. In 1900, Washington formed the National Negro Business League (NNBL), with the goal of promoting black-owned businesses. The following year, Washington published his successful autobiography, Up From Slavery. The popular book found its way into the hands of several philanthropists, resulting in many large donations to Tuskegee Institute. Washingtons autobiography remains in print to this day and is considered by many historians to be one of the most inspirational books written by a black American. The stellar reputation of the institute brought in many notable speakers, including industrialist Andrew Carnegie and feminist Susan B. Anthony. Famed agricultural scientist George Washington Carver became a member of the faculty and taught at Tuskegee for nearly 50 years. Dinner With President Roosevelt Washington found himself at the center of controversy once again in October 1901, when he accepted an invitation from President Theodore Roosevelt to dine at the White House. Roosevelt had long admired Washington and had even sought his advice on a few occasions. Roosevelt felt it only fitting that he invite Washington to dinner. But the very notion that the president had dined with a black man at the White House created a furor among whites- both northerners and southerners. (Many blacks, however, took it as a sign of progress in the quest for racial equality.) Roosevelt, stung by the criticism, never again issued an invitation. Washington benefited from the experience, which seemed to seal his status as the most important black man in America. Later Years Washington continued to draw criticism for his accommodationist policies. Two of his greatest critics were William Monroe Trotter, a prominent black newspaper editor and activist, and W.E.B. Du Bois, a black faculty member at Atlanta University. Du Bois criticized Washington for his narrow views on the race issue and for his reluctance to promote an academically strong education for blacks. Washington saw his power and relevance dwindle in his later years. As he traveled around the globe giving speeches, Washington seemed to ignore glaring problems in America, such as race riots, lynchings, and the disenfranchisement of black voters in many southern states. Although Washington later spoke out more forcefully against discrimination, many blacks would not forgive him for his willingness to compromise with whites at the cost of racial equality. At best, he was viewed as a relic from another era; at worst, a hindrance to the advancement of his race. Death Washingtons frequent travel and busy lifestyle eventually took a toll on his health. He developed high blood pressure and kidney disease in his 50s and became seriously ill while on a trip to New York in November 1915. Insisting that he die at home, Washington boarded a train with his wife for Tuskegee. He was unconscious when they arrived and died a few hours later on November 14, 1915, at the age of 59. Booker T. Washington was buried on a hill overlooking the Tuskegee campus in a brick tomb built by students. Legacy From a slave to the founder of a black university, Booker T. Washingtons life traces the vast changes undergone and distances traversed by black Americans after the Civil War and into the twentieth century. He was an educator, prolific writer, orator, adviser to presidents, and considered the most prominent black American at the height of his career. His accommodationist approach to advancing the economic lives and rights of black in America was controversial even in its own time and remains controversial to this day. Sources Harlan, Louis R. Booker T. Washington: The Making of a Black Leader, 1856–1901. Oxford, 1972.Wells, Jeremy. â€Å"Booker T. Washington (1856–1915).† Encyclopedia Virginia.

Truth vs Happiness in Fahrenheit 451 Essay Example

Truth vs Happiness in Fahrenheit 451 Essay Example Truth vs Happiness in Fahrenheit 451 Essay Truth vs Happiness in Fahrenheit 451 Essay Essay Topic: Fahrenheit 451 Submitted on Wednesday, March 27th Submitted By: William Would you rather be happy in your life and live in ignorance or would you rather live your life with more of a purpose? Even if that purpose means doing things that most people would frown upon. This is one of the conflicts the characters face in the book Fahrenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury. Fahrenheit 451 is a book about a fireman named Guy Montag. In his society fireman start fires rather than put them out. Most fires started by the firemen are fires in which they burn books.Most books are not allowed and the firemen have to be called to burn them. In this book Montag appears to be a by the book firemen early on but as the book continues you learn he has his doubts about his work and if he is really happy at all with the current life he is living. In Fahrenheit 451 Ray Bradbury believes that it is better to know the truth about your life and live with purpose than to live your life happy in ignorance. In the book Bradbury proves this in a few ways. One way it did this is when Guy Montag first met Clarrisse and started questioning what was wrong with the society that they lived in at the time.When Montag started to do the same it eventually gave him a new purpose in life and started giving him the ability to have real relationships and actually become happy with his life instead of just being happy in ignorance like most of the other people in the city he lived in. It also opened his eyes to a different world of knowledge and showed him that his old life was a lie. Those are a few examples from the book showing that Ray Bradbury believed it is more important to live your life with purpose than to be happy in ignorance.One way Ray Bradbury showed that knowing the truth about your life is more important than being happy in ignorance is showed by the way Montag’s life completely changed after he discovered the truth about his life. After he realized he was living in ignorance it gave him a new purpose in his life. The event in the book that I believe started this realization is when he was asked Are you happy (15). This is a question Montag is asked by Clarrisse. This simple question really shook Montag up and made him really think about what was going on in his life and made him find out he is actually not appy. After knowing this Montag starts to actually stand up for what he believes in which gives him a new purpose in life. He starts to talk to an old English professor named Faber about almost trying to start a revolution of sorts. Plant the books, turn in an alarm and see the firemen’s houses burn (85). That’s the good part of dying; when you have nothing to lose, you run any risk you want (85). Those are two quotes of Montag talking to Faber. Those quotes are significant because they symbolized Montag becoming a completely changed person.They show that he is serious about standing up for what he believes in now and that he has found a new purpose in his life. It is the beginning of Montag’s new life and is an example of him no longer living his life in ignorance. That is one way that Ray Bradbury shows that it is more important to know the truth then be happy living in ignorance. Another way Ray Bradbury demonstrated that the truth is more important than being happy living a lie is how his social relationships changed after starting to think about the truth more. It was almost like he was a different person.Instead of continuing to have some pointless conversations like some people had in the book. You really start finding out about all the pointless conversations in the book on page 31 when Clarrisse says People don’t talk about anything She later says They name a lot of cars or clothes or swimming pools mostly and say how swell! But they say the same thing and nobody says anything different from anyone else. (31) After Guy had been talking to Clarrisse for a while you begin to realize that she has really changed the way he communicates with people and he begins to start having real conversations with people.An example of this is when on page 29 when Clarrisse asks him a question about children to which he replies It was a good question. It has been awhile since anyone cared enough to ask a good question. Montag’s answer shows that it is something he had never really put a lot of thought into until actually being asked the question by Clarrisse. That is another way that Ray Bradbury showed that it is better to live your life with purpose and know the truth about it rather than be happy in ignorance.The last way Ray Bradbury proved in that it is better to know the truth about your life than live in ignorance in Fahrenheit 451 is how after Montag got a purpose in his live it opened his eyes to a different world and showed him his old life was a lie. He actually started to be happy opposed to just thinking he was happy while living in ignorance. The first time you realize that Montag started off living in ignorance is after he is asked if he is happy he laughs and says Happy! Of all the nonsense, He stopped laughing. 10) This quote shows that Montag had thought he was happy but actually shows that he was just happy in ignorance. After Montag learns the truth about his life it opens his eyes to a new world of literature. Montag’s lack of knowledge about books is demonstrated when he is t alking to Faber on page 85 and says Are things like that in books? But it came off the top of my mind. This is significant because it shows that Montag is willing to learn about books and that some books may open him up to a world outside of the censorship he lives in.As the book goes on and Montag learns the truth about his life his opinions on things change drastically. This is shown when he is talking about leaving Mildred behind in the city and he says Even if she dies, I realized a moment age, I don’t think I will feel sad. It isn’t right. Something must be wrong with me. (155) This quote is significant because it shows that Montag it demonstrates that Montag is a changed man and he wouldn’t feel sad his wife died because he was not happy with his wife or his life prior to learning the truth.In Fahrenheit 451 Ray Bradbury shows that it is more important to know the truth about something than it is to necessarily be happy about it. He demonstrates this by s howing that it is more important to live your life with purpose than it is to always be happy in your life. A moral to be learned from this is that it is better to tell people the truth, even if you think that telling the truth might hurt somebody’s feelings. It can be applied to real life in many situations when you have to decide to tell the truth or tell a lie. In the end whoever said The truth hurts wasn’t lying.

Partisan Politics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Partisan Politics - Essay Example This thereby led to the establishment of two different political factions the republicans and the federalists. The republicans were proponents of limiting the federal government powers and giving the state more authority thereby expanding popular participation in politics. The federalists on the other hand strongly supported the national government and international ties especially with Great Britain and pushed for more power to be handed to the federal government. This paper looks at the Federalists views and the main motivator or the reasons why the Federalists pushed for a central government in the United States. The Federalist Party was supported mainly because of seven main issues which the party members deemed important for a great American nation. First there was the funding of the public debt which the Federalists saw necessary for the greater American nation. The Federalist asserted that the fund would help in times of public danger especially from foreign war and to increase the respectability of the American nation (Kincaid, 2011). The consolidated fund of the American nation would also promote trade and also agriculture and manufacturing. The economic advantages also included the lowered interest of money due to the huge pool of money thereby reducing the ratio. The Federalists argued that the public funding would not only benefit the American nation but also the states as the-y were also beneficiaries of the fund. The second aspect was the U.S relations with Great Britain and France who contributed hugely to the economy of United States (Sawyer, 1952). The taxation on imports and i nternal tax on some of the goods raised government revenue. It was therefore the responsibility of the national government to maintain ties with Great Britain and France who contributed largely to the economy of the United States and the Federalists were proponents of this platform. In

Enterprise Software Architecture Design The Project Proposal, Essay

Enterprise Software Architecture Design The Project Proposal, Requirements and Architectural Model(s) - Essay Example This research aims to evaluate and present an enterprise architecture design as an enterprise structural description that comprises of enterprise components, for instance business entities, external visible properties of the components and the relationship between the components. Basically, enterprise architecture describes the enterprise components, composition and terminologies and their relationship with external environment. Furthermore, it also describes analysis guiding principles, evolution of the enterprise and design. Enterprise architectural design is a comprehensive description of an enterprise goals, roles, business process, organizational behavior, organizational structure, computer system, software applications and business information. On the other hand, enterprise software is enterprise application software mostly used in organizations, for instance, government or business. It is an information system integral part. This is a project proposal paper on enterprise softw are architecture design. It highlights issues of setting up a project design, risk analysis and describes the formal techniques that will be used in the proposal. It also highlights architectural views and models. Main of the project proposal is to offer technical background information of the workings in management of systems in buildings and enhance understanding of capstone projects. The main problem area in this study is ventilation system or air conditioning. It highlights on the choice of cost effective and efficient architecture for ventilation system or air conditioning.... Each research objective therefore used varying fractions of each form of data (Babbie and Benaquisto 2009). The research method chosen for this study was Focus Group Discussions. It was the most appropriate method since the study is primarily qualitative on the choice of cost effective and efficient ventilation system or air conditioning. The FGD was composed of ten architectural specialists who discussed the topic at hand in detail (Babbie and Benaquisto 2009). The study adopted a qualitative approach, as technical matters can be evaluated using data which is practical, and one that has been tested. Therefore a qualitative approach is best suited to meeting the research objectives, as it aims at gathering, analyzing and measuring data from a large sample to test the relation between different variables. Primary data was collected by questionnaires, which included structured and unstructured questions, one on one discussion with the experts, and interviews, which were used to collect data immediately. Secondary data was collected through a review of published and unpublished materials, such as articles, government policy papers, and books (Babbie and Benaquisto 2009). Limitations of the study Validity determines whether the research study actually measures what it is supposed to measure or not. That is, whether the interpretation of the data is valid or not. This can be done by comparing the data collection methods with those of previous studies, and by carrying out a preliminary investigation to find out which methods of data collection are likely to be most effective within the context of the study (Tight et al 2006). The purpose of reliability analysis is to determine whether data are trustworthy or not.